Competition and Coordination in Two‐Tier Public Service Systems under Government Fiscal Policy

As a result of government budgetary limits and rapid market growth, many public service systems—such as health care—are characterized by extensive customer wait times that have become a serious problem. This problem might be solved by allowing private firms to enter these markets, which would provide customers with a choice between a free (governmental) public service provider (SP) and a fee‐charging (or “toll”) private SP. In such a two‐tier service system, the two SPs are differentiated by service quality and cost efficiency. This study focuses on the competition and coordination issues for two‐tier service systems with customers who are sensitive to both service quality and delay. The free system attempts to maximize its expected total customer utility with limited capacity, whereas the toll system attempts to maximize its profit. Neither goal is aligned with the social welfare goal of the public service. To achieve the social welfare goal, the government plays a crucial role in coordinating the two‐tier service system via the budget, the tradeoff of social members' goals, and tax‐subsidy policies. Using a mixed duopoly game, we establish Nash equilibrium strategies and identify the conditions for the existence of the two‐tier service system. We employ several interesting and counter‐intuitive managerial insights generated by the model to show that the public service can be delivered more efficiently via customer choice and SP competition. In addition, we show that a relatively low tax‐subsidy rate can almost perfectly coordinate the two SPs to achieve most of the maximum possible benefit of the two‐tier service system.     

现代民族素质的结构及其相互关系--民族素质研究之三

本文从智能素质在民族素质结构中的作用、体能素质与智能素质的关系、智能素质和传统文化及民族历史积淀对民族心理、意识素质的影响等方面,对民族素质的结构及其相互关系进行了开创性的研究.     

素质教育中的资料信息工作刍议

图书资料工作的质量和水平直接反映一个高等院校的办学质量和水平。在强调“素质教育”的时候,民族高等院校的图书资料工作也同样有一个如何调整自己的思路,开创新的工作局面的问题,从而既要为教学、科研服务,又要为校园文化建设开拓信息源,提供文化支持和信息服务的任务。     

论民族高校图书馆与少数民族大学生德育教育

少数民族大学生是民族地区未来的主人,是民族地区经济建设和社会发展的骨干力量,他们的思想道德素质的好坏,直接影响着民族地区的文明程度和可持续发展。民族高校图书馆作为少数民族大学生的第二课堂,应与时俱进,切实转变观念,充分发挥文献资源丰富、环境良好、工作人员素质高的优势,使其成为少数民族大学生德育教育的主阵地。     

论冰心的女性意识

冰心是中国现代文学史上女性意识鲜明的作家。但研究界对她"爱的哲学"思想探究较多,却对其女性意识关注不够。本文从她笔下的女性形象分析入手,阐释了其女性意识的内涵及其嬗变过程,为人们全面认识和评价冰心提供了独特视角。     

从汉匈关系的角度探讨汉匈民族意识的形成与变迁

本文试从民族心理学视角出发,阐释汉匈民族意识的形成与变迁。先秦至秦汉时期,是汉匈民族形成的重要时期。这一时期,汉匈分别在生态—经济方式、政权体系、思想文化等方面形成不同的体系,并随着双方战争、互市、和亲等交往的深入促成了汉匈民族意识的最终形成。民族意识形成之后并非一成不变,尤其是在西汉后期开始,匈奴的经济方式、政治实体性质都发生了根本性变化,并受到汉文化的深层次影响,民族意识发生了很大变化。当然,汉民族意识也在这一时期随着民族内外部环境的变化发生了变迁。     

试论《格萨尔王传》中古代藏族先民的自然保护意识

自古以来,藏族与大自然和谐相处,以独特的方式保护着大自然,进而产生了独特的自然保护意识和生态意识,深心地影响着世世代代的藏族人民。通过藏族英雄史诗《格萨尔王传》可窥探古代藏族先民对自己生活的环境——大自然的朦胧认识、崇拜到竭力保护这一过程,本文阐述了人类不是大自然的主宰者,人类与自然和谐相处,均衡互利,人与自然和谐发展才是永恒的主题与朴素观念。     

The Inherent Politics of Managing the Quality of Urban Green Spaces

Although the term ‘quality’ has a universal positive connotation and typically is framed by a focus on improvements, its application includes as well as excludes the access, values and world views of particular actors and interests. In this article, we highlight the relevance and implications of such ‘inherent politics’ through a case study of a widespread approach to operationalizing quality in urban green space management. We conclude that adoption of any quality model has both limiting and enabling implications for public participation and decision-making and that a critical stance is needed within both research and practice for the development of quality models that connect to values of broader societal relevance.     

考虑顾客感知效用的服务要素优化配置方法

针对服务设计中的服务要素优化配置问题,提出了一种考虑顾客感知效用的服务要素优化配置方法.运用质量功能展开理论中的质量屋方法确定各服务项的权重;依据确定的服务项和备选服务要素,采用调查问卷方式获得顾客群体对于各服务项的期望水平以及对各服务要素满足需求程度的评价值;然后基于失望理论刻画顾客的欣喜与失望的心理感知,并计算顾客感知效用;进一步通过建立和求解优化模型来确定服务要素配置方案.此外,以某航空公司头等舱服务设计为例,说明了方法的可行性与有效性.     

公共文化服务标准的计量分析

采用信息计量分析的工具与方法,对现行公共文化服务标准从时间分布、标准关键词共现网络、起草单位合作网络、起草人合作网络、标准引文网络等方面进行了分析,对中国公共文化服务标准的发展现状与存在的问题进行了总结.研究发现中国尚未形成完整的公共文化服务标准体系,现行标准存在国际化水平不高、标龄普遍过长等问题.文章成功地将信息计量分析工具与方法移植到公共文化服务标准的研究中,显示出标准计量分析的广阔发展前景.